12^th International Conference on Pulmonology & Respiratory Research August 27-28, 2021 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Case Reports in Pulmonology is all about case study in areas of pulmonology, respiratory medicine, thoracic, lung disease, pulmonary diseases, and therapeutics as well as prevention, diagnosis, and management of pulmonary and associated disorder. The case reports should include findings from history, examination and investigation and can also include clinical photographs. This session will contribute knowledge to clinical practitioners, respiratory physicians, researchers working in all respiratory subspecialities.

Respiratory implies the field of drug identifying with lung and respiratory issue. Working with general pediatrics, aspiratory pediatricians treat an extensive variety of pneumonic issue. Respiratory implies the field of solution identifying with lung and respiratory issue. Working with general pediatrics, aspiratory pediatricians treat an extensive variety of pneumonic issue. It incorporates Asthma, Sleep Disorder, Chronic Cough, Exercise initiated Asthma, Congenital Lung Problem and Pediatric Pneumonia.

Lung disease refers to many sorts of diseases or disorders that prevent the lungs from functioning properly. Lung disease can affect respiratory function or the ability to breathe, as well as lung function, which is how well the lungs work. There are many various lung diseases, several which are caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Other lung diseases are related to environmental factors, including asthma, mesothelioma, and carcinoma. Chronic lower respiratory illness may be a collection of conditions that has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and bronchitis. Together, chronic lower respiratory disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. In other lung conditions, such as lung fibrosis, scarring of the lung tissue, which can be caused by various factors, and pneumonia, a bacterial or viral infection in which the air sacs fill with fluid, the lungs have a reduced ability to hold air. Lung cancer may be a disease caused by abnormal cell growth. Although most cases of lung cancer start in the lungs, some cases start in other parts of the body and spread to the lungs. The two main types of lung cancer - small cell and non-small cell - grow and spread in different ways, and each type can be treated differently.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder that causes serious damage to the lungs, digestive system, and other organs of the body. Cystic fibrosis affects cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. These secreted fluids are usually thin and slippery. But in people with CF, the defective gene makes secretions sticky and thick. Instead of acting as a lubricant, secretions clog up tubes, ducts, and passages, especially in the lungs and pancreas.

CF is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This is caused by the presence of mutations in both copies of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Those with a single working copy are carriers and are otherwise mostly healthy. CFTR is involved within the assembly of sweat, digestive fluids, and mucus. When the CFTR is down, secrets that are usually thin become thick instead. The condition is diagnosed with a sweat test and genetic testing. Newborn screening at birth is performed in some regions of the world.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a situation in which breathing stops involuntarily for a short time at some point in sleep. Usually, air flows smoothly from the mouth and nose to the lungs at any time. In obstructive sleep apnea, normal airflow stops again and again throughout the night. Breathing stops because the airway in the throat is too narrow. Snoring is common in obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea causes episodes of decreased oxygen delivery to the brain and other parts of the body. Good sleep is poor, which causes drowsiness during the sundial and lack of clarity in the morning. There are several forms of sleep apnea, but OSAS is the most common. Obstructive sleep apnea is much more common in older people and overweight people. Evidence shows that weight loss causes improve symptoms. Sleeping in your again can irritate obstructive sleep apnea. The prognosis for obstructive sleep apnea begins with complete records and physical examinations. Daytime sleepiness and snoring are important clues.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of lung disease that causes scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs for no known reason. Over time, the scars worsen, it becomes difficult to take a deep breath, and the lungs cannot absorb enough oxygen.

IPF is a form of interstitial lung disease that primarily affects interstitial tissue (the tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs) and does not directly affect the airways or blood vessels. There are many other types of interstitial lung disease that can also cause inflammation and / or fibrosis and are treated in different ways. It is important to check with your doctor to determine if you have IPF or another form of interstitial lung disease.

Tuberculosis is a transmissible infection that usually affects the lungs. It can also spread to other components of the body such as the mind and spine. It is caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The classic signs of active TB are persistent cough with bloody mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Historically, this was known as “consumption” due to the loss of cargo.  Infection of various organs can have many symptoms. TB is transmitted through the air when people with active TB in their lungs cough, spit, talk, or sneeze. Active infection is more common in people with HIV / AIDS and in smokers.

Diagnosis of energetic tuberculosis is primarily based on chest x-ray, microscopic examination, and conventional fluid examination. The diagnosis of latent TB is made by a tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests. Prevention of tuberculosis includes screening for those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. Among those who have the most chances are home, work, and social contacts of people with live TB. Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with the increasing costs of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and severely drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).

COPD can be a condition that causes inflammation and thickening of the airways. In addition, it involves the destruction of the tissue of the respiratory organ with oxygen exchange. The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Initiative is presented as a preventable and treatable disease characterized by incompletely reversible blood flow restriction that is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to exposure. particles or gases.  Many people with COPD suffer from both conditions. Emphysema slowly destroys the air sacs in the lungs, which prevents air from escaping. Bronchitis causes inflammation and constriction of the bronchi, which leads to mucus buildup. The main cause of COPD is tobacco smoking. Long-term exposure to chemical irritants can also lead to COPD. This is a disease that usually takes a long time to develop. COPD makes breathing difficult. Symptoms may be mild at first, with intermittent cough and shortness of breath. As it progresses, symptoms may become more persistent, and it becomes more difficult to breathe.

There is no single test for COPD. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, a physical exam, and diagnostic test results. Treatment can ease symptoms, prevent complications, and generally slow disease progression. Your healthcare team may include a lung specialist (pulmonologist) and physical and respiratory therapists. Medications can reduce symptoms and cut down on flare-ups. It may take some trial and error to find the medication and dosage that works best for you. There is no specific diet for COPD, but a healthy diet is important for maintaining overall health. The stronger you are, the more able you will be to prevent complications and other health problems

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. This type of infection is usually further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia are generally much more severe than upper respiratory infections such as the common cold. The upper airway is the airway above the glottis or vocal cords; sometimes it is mistaken for a tract over the cricoid cartilage. This part of the tract includes the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. Typical upper respiratory tract infections include tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, some types of flu, and the common cold. URI symptoms may include cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low-grade fever, pressure on the face, and sneezing.

Asthma is caused by exposure to the same substances that cause allergy symptoms. An allergy is when the immune system mistakes it for a dangerous and harmless substance like pollen. The body releases chemicals that affect the substance. Allergy to the lungs can cause asthma symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath. There have been several reports that steroids are contraindicated in COVID-19, so many people think what people with asthma should do if their control agent is a steroid (inhaled or oral). However, people with asthma are prescribed controlled medications to keep their allergies under control. In the current pandemic, a person suffering from bronchial asthma can qualitatively control their bronchial asthma and keep it under control. Stopping the control medication will expose the character to the risk of developing an exacerbation of bronchial asthma, especially when we enter the spring season of hypersensitivity.

The term "Cardiopulmonary Disease" describes a range of conditions affecting the heart and lungs. These organs are closely related, and the problem in one can spill over to another. Exposure to tobacco smoke has long been recognized as an important component of cardiovascular risk. Likewise, minimizing your exposure to tobacco smoke is the most effective way to save you from COPD.

Common types of this condition include:

Chronical bronchitis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic heart failure.

Emphysema.

Cardiopulmonary disease is the medical term used to describe quite number critical problems that affect the heart and lungs. The two-primary tobacco-associated cardiopulmonary illnesses are Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD). Exposure to tobacco smoke has long been diagnosed as a prominent chance component for Cardiovascular Disease. Similarly minimizing exposure to tobacco smoke is the most effective manner to save you COPD. However, the mechanisms by way of which tobacco toxicants increase the danger of Cardiovascular Disease and result in the onset of COPD are nonetheless unclear. Despite discounts in smoking during the last decade, Cardiovascular Disease and COPD stay the first and second main causes of death among smokers. It is important to keep in mind also that for all of us who dies because of smoking as a minimum 30 people live with a critical smoking-associated illness.

The advent of e-cigarettes and other new tobacco products that deliver nicotine as an aerosol in a variety of solvents raises important new questions regarding the potential risk of cardiopulmonary disease among consumers. The use of this new tobacco product has skyrocketed over the past few years, especially among adolescents, and is expected to completely change the traditional cigarette market in the next decade. These new products deliver nicotine and chemical flavoring aerosols based on propylene glycol and / or glycerin by inhalation.

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH or PHTN) is a condition of high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fainting, tiredness, chest pain, leg swelling, and heart palpitations. This condition can make it difficult to exercise. The onset is usually gradual. It is a form of high blood pressure that affects the lungs arteries and the right side of the coronary heart. In one form of pulmonary high blood pressure , tiny arteries in the lungs known as pulmonary arterioles and capillaries become narrowed, blocked, or destroyed. This makes it harder for blood to flow to the lungs and increases pressure in the arteries of the lungs. As stress builds up, the heart's own lower chamber (native ventricle) must work hard to pump blood through the lungs, which ultimately leads to weakening and failure of the coronary heart muscle. Pulmonary hypertension is a pathophysiological disease with many possible causes. Indeed, this condition often accompanies severe heart or lung disease.

Each form of pulmonary hypertension is different, so it is important for newly diagnosed patients to find a pulmonary hypertension specialist who can pinpoint the cause of their pulmonary hypertension and develop a treatment plan that is appropriate for that pulmonary hypertension as quickly as possible. as far as it is possible. Every person with pulmonary hypertension is different, and new studies are being conducted every day to improve the prognosis for people living with the disease. After the treatment of pulmonary hypertension has been treated and treated appropriately, people with pulmonary hypertension can remain in it for many years.

Pulmonary rehabilitation, also known as respiratory rehabilitation, is an important part of treating and maintaining the health of people with chronic respiratory conditions who persist in symptoms or continue to decline in function despite standard treatment. This is a broad therapeutic concept. The American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society describe it as an evidence-based, interdisciplinary, and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory conditions who have symptoms and regularly reduce daily activity. In general, pulmonary rehabilitation refers to the sequence of services that are provided to patients with respiratory disease and their families, usually with the aim of improving the patient's quality of life.

Pulmonary rehabilitation can be completed in a variety of settings, depending on the patient's wishes, and may or may not include pharmacological intervention. Pulmonary rehabilitation is usually tailored to the patient's personality to meet his or her desires. It is an extensive program that can benefit people with lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cystic fibrosis, among others.  Although the technique is aimed at rehabilitating the victim himself, the family is also involved. The system usually does not start until a scientific examination of the victim has been performed by an authorized physician.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a term used to describe a diverse group of disorders found in the tissue between the air sacs of the lungs that lead to fibrosis or scarring of the interstitial tissue. Scarring or inflammation of the interstitial tissue makes it difficult for oxygen to reach the lungs. Interstitial lung disease usually begins with coughing or shortness of breath and results in more severe symptoms. A wide range of disorders can be associated with a systemic disease or have an unknown cause. Interstitial lung disease is often difficult to diagnose and requires several tests and approaches. There are over 100 diseases classified as ILD, so an accurate diagnosis is vital to provide more information and treatment options.

Airway clearance therapy is a treatment that uses several airway clearance techniques to clear mucus and other secretions from the airways. Some respiratory diseases result in a disruption of the normal consistency mechanism, which leads to the accumulation of mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe and affects the cough reflex. A build-up of mucus can also cause infection and inflammation, and repeated infections can damage the airways and lung tissue. All airway clearance therapy involves the techniques of coughing or huffing that need to be used in conjunction with another airway clearance technique. Respiratory therapists make recommendations and give guidance for appropriate airway clearance therapies. They also give instruction in the use of various airway clearance techniques.